By the time the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting occurred on December 14, 2012, outdated police response strategies had been replaced with new, aggressive tactics used by the first officers on the scene. The Columbine tragedy on Apbegan a new era in law enforcement as it became apparent that the police response to such mass shootings must be drastically altered. The results indicate that cluster-root proportions and cit-rate exudation rates were regulated systemically by the P status of the shoot, and that P concentrations in the roots had little influence on growth and citrate exudation of cluster roots in L. The possibility that changes in the concentrations of P fractions in the root halves influenced cluster-root growth and citrate exudation was discounted, because there were no significant differences in insoluble organic P, ester-P and inorganic P among all 'deprived' root halves. Peak citrate exudation rates from developing cluster roots were significantly faster from cluster roots on the 'deprived' root halves when the 'privileged' half was exposed to 1 mmol m-3 P as compared with 25 or 75 mmol m-3 P. Nevertheless, the proportion of the total root mass allocated to cluster roots, and the citrate-exudation rates from the root halves were always similar on both root halves, irrespective of P supply, and decreased with increasing shoot P concentrations. Roots 'deprived' of P invariably had the same low P concentrations, whereas those in the 'privileged' roots increased with increasing P supply (1, 25 or 75 mmol m-3 P). P concentration in the shoots increased with increased P supply (1, 25 or 75 mmol m-3 P), to the 'privileged' root halves. Foliar P application indicated that low P concentration in the shoots enhanced cluster-root growth and citrate-exudation rate more so than low P concentration in the roots. The present study was carried out to investigate whether the P concentration in the roots or the shoots controls the growth and citrate exudation of cluster roots in white lupin (Lupinus albus L).
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